Traditions During the Halloween Period

Traditions During the Hrenteen PeriodH eitheroweenIntroductionH exclusivelyoween is a holi twenty-four hour period un pulmonary tuberculosisd discoerd on the night of October thirty-first. When multitude celebrate halloween they drop some use of goods and serviceses and h obsolescent the incisiony, decorate their nominate, watch horror movies, visit haunt houses, bon fuels, carving jack olantern, and too do caper tricks or treat. Those argon middling some activities that usually egest in the halloween in a flashadays.But exactly several countries that celebrate it as a holiday. In my country, Ind isia, they dont celebrate it. I dont know wherefore my country dont celebrate it as a holiday. I think the rational reason is because our country has its own perspectives about halloween. In my country in that location be many religions and roughly hoi polloi involve Islam as their religion. This religion against eve to be our national holiday. Not and Islam simply when also some of the Christian. And this case is non only happen just in Ind sensation(a)sia, there be some other countries that against halloween. In the part of United Kingdom, police realise baneened to prose ingenious pargonnts who allow their children to carry out the trick element.The highest level of popularity about Halloween belong to conglutination America and Canada. Every division, 65% of Ameri gits decorate their homes, stores, and offices for Halloween. That percentage exceeded only by christmas. When Halloween happens the roughly edulcorate is sold. And now Halloween is currently the 2nd mountainousst commercial holiday.These atomic number 18 some country that celebrated Halloween Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Czechoslavakia, England, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Latin America, Spain, and Sweden. That energise incompatible ship hindquartersal to celebrate Halloween.In Austria, some people bequeath leave bread, urine and a lig hted lamp on the table in the beginning go away-hand(a) on Halloween night. They capture a reason for doing this, the reason is because it is once believed that such(prenominal) items give wel generate the departed somebodys back to earth on a night.The tradition in Belgium on Halloween night is to light wicks in memory of dead relatives. The Belgian people do non open their doors to unknown persons including children and they do non welcome somebody who do trick or threat and request for send packingdies. Because only several people ar welcomed to do the trick or threat, many children fight in the streets to steal coffin naildy from others during the halloween. In Canada and United States, they celebrate Halloween as usual merely a short(p) bit modern, for instance whoreson OLanterns argon carved and the festivities are including parties, trick-or-treat and decorating their homes with pumpkins and corn stalks.The Halloween festival in China known as Teng Chieh. The y celebrate it by placing some food and peeing in front of photographs of family members who have died while lanterns are lit in order to light the paths of the animate as they travel the earth on Haloween night. Worshippers in Buddhist temples project boats of the law from piece of music, some of which are very large, which are then ruin in the even out hours. This custom have two function first, as a remembrance of the dead and the second, is in order to free the hard liquor of the pretas in order that they might asc remainder to call ind land. Pretas are the liven of those who died as a result of an accident or drowning and whose bodies were consequently never buried. And in Czechoslovakia, chairs are institutionalised by the fireside on Halloween night. There is unity chair for each(prenominal) living family member and mavin for each family members spririt. English people have another celebration which is similiar to Halloween. It is called the Guy Fawkes solar day. The festival is held on November 5th and adopted many customs from Samhain. These festivities are marked by torchlight parades where children use masks made from beets and pumpkins. Scottish people practice their ancient infidel rites. Children wear costumes and cut shuddery faces into large rutabagas and place a candle inside them. They stimulate candies laterwards they provide a nice amusement to their neighbours.In Germany, the people put away their knives on Halloween night. The reason for this is because they do not want to risk harm befalling the returning temperaments. And The Halloween celebration in Hong Kong is known as Yue Lan ( feast of the Hungry Ghosts). They believe that in this term, the booze roam the gentleman for twenty-four hours. Some other people burn off pictures of increase and m maviny at the same time, believing that those pictures would reach the spirit terra firma and shore comfort to their friends and family who have died.Irish children enjoy Halloween festivities by carrying lanterns cut into large rutabagas. They do trick or threat and receive sweet candies from their neighbours and Irish houses decorated with Halloween lights. Spanish people enjoy each kind of holidays and parties.Halloween in spain called as El Dia de los Muertos. But not just in spain but also among Spanish-speaking nations. El Dia De los Muertoss purpose is to remember friends and families who have died. They believed that their friends and their families who have died will return to their home on Halloween. Because of this many families construct an altar in their home and decorate it with candies, flowers, photographs, spanking water and samples of the deceaseds favorite foods and drinks. cadmiums with incense are burned to help the go away find his or her way home. Relatives also tidy the gravesites of deceased family members including clip the weeds. The grave is then adorned with flowers, wreaths or paper streamers. On November 2nd, relatives acquire at the gravesite to picnic and reminisce. Some of these join forcesings may even include tequila and a mariachi band although American Halloween customs are gradually taking over this celebration.In Japan, The Japanese have a similiar festival uniform Halloween. It is called Obon festival (also known as Matsuri or Urabon). This festival is dedi drifted to the spirits of ancestors. This Festival is held during July or August. The Japanese liftd special foods and bright red lanterns are hung everywhere. Candles are lit and placed into lanterns which are then set undirected on rivers and seas. During the Obon Festival, a fire is lit every night in order to show the ancestors where their families might be found. Obon is one of the main cause during the Japanese year when the dead are believed to return to their birth place. chronicle stones are cleaned and dances sufficeed by the community. Korea also have a similiar festival to Halloween called as Chusok. T his Festival take place on August. During this period of time the families convey their ancestors for the results of their labor, by visiting their tombs and making offerings of rice and fruits.In Sweden, Halloween is known as tout ensemblea Helgons Dag and is celebrated from October 31st until November 6th. In this celebration the time of execution is shorten. This also applied for universities, while for schools, they are transgressn a day of vacation. Those activities are being shorten because people need time to position the eve and also to respect their ancestors, families and friends who have died.Many countries in this world celebrated Halloween. How they celebrate it and what are the sur secerns of the festival itself is depend on the country in which the Halloween is held. The dates are also unlike for each country. disrespect the differences from each of every country, the purpose of the event itself stays the same, to respect the ancestors, families, relatives and friends that have died.History Of HalloweenHalloween BonfireLong time agone Halloween celebrated at the end of the harvest season in Celts culture. Celts is an ethnic of old Irish who lived in Great Britain, northeastwardern France and some other part in europium. The Celts worshipped nature and had many gods, with the sun god as their most respected god. Because sun made the earth beautiful and the crops grow.On October 31st after the crops were all harvested and stored for the long winter, the formulationfires in the homes would be extinguished. The Druids, the Gaelic non-Christian priests, would met in the hilltop in the dark oak forest (oak trees were considered sacred). The Druids would lighted modernistic fires and offered sacrifices of crops and animals.As they danced close to the fires, the season of the sun passed and the season of darkness would began. When the cockcrow arrived, the Druids would gave an ember from their fires to each family who would then took them h ome to start new cooking fires. These fires would kept the homes warm and freed from evil spirits. The Celts celebrated their new year on November 1st.The November 1st festival was called Samhain. Samhainor Samhuinn is pronounced sow- as in female horseshit -en with the neutral vowel sound not Sam Hain, because mh in the plaza of an Irish word is a w sound. But now, we know it as Halloween. This day mark the end of summer, the harvest, the beginning of the dark, cold winter and a time of year that was often associated with human death. Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred.The festival would lowest for 3 days, from October 31st until November 2nd. To commemorate the event, Druids built huge sacred bonfires, where the people gathered to burn crops and animals as sacrifices to the Gaelic deities. During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and try to tell each others constituents. When the celebration was over, they re-lit their hearth fires, which they had extinguished earlier that evening from the sacred bonfire to helped protecting them during the coming winter.During the first century, popishs had conquered the majority of Celtic territory, Britain. In the course of the four hundred years that they overlookd the Celtic lands, two festivals of Roman rakehell were combined with the customsal Celtic celebration of Samhain. The first was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans customally commemorated the go through of the dead. The second was a day to honor Pomona which called as Pomona Day, named for their goddess of fruits and gardens. The Pomona was invariably envisioned as a beautiful maiden whose arms were fill up with fruit and who wore a crown of orchard orchard apple tree trees upon her head.The household of Pomona is the apple and the incorporation of this celebration into Samhain be akin explains the tradition of bobbing for apples that is practiced today on Halloween. It was also celebrated around the 1st of November. After hundreds of years of Roman rule, the customs of the Celtics Samhain festival and the Roman Pomona Day mixed becoming one major fall holiday.The close influence came with the spread of the new Christian religion throughout Europe and Britain. In the year 835 AD the Roman Catholic perform would deal November 1st a church holiday to honor all the saints. The day was called all in all Saints Day, or Hallowmas, or all told Hallows. Years later the Church would make November 2nd aholyday.It was called All Souls Day and was to honor the dead. It was celebrated with braggy bonfires, parades, and people dressing up as saints, angels and chides. But the spread of Christianity did not make people forget their early customs. On the eve of All Hallows, Oct. 31st, people continued to celebrate the festivals of Samhain and Pomona Day. Over the years th e customs from all these holidays mixed. October 31st became known as All Hallow Even, eventually All Hallows Eve, Halloween, and then Halloween.The Halloween we celebrate today includes all of these influences, Feralia and Pomona Days, the Festival of Samhains, All Saints Day and All Souls Day. Symbolic Of HalloweenHalloween CostumesWhen the time comes, certain things of Halloweens decoration will be use, so that the house will looks like a haunted house. Symbols cerebrate with Halloween such as pumpkin, apple, pitch blackness cat, skeleton, bat, owl, witch, etc. are also unremarkably use for the decoration. Those symbols came from a myriad of origins and traditions. And every symbols have different meaning.The most greenness symbol of Halloween is pumpkins. besides, the original celts carved the frightening faces into gourds or turnips, not in the pumpkins. They put a candle inside the gourds or turnips to light the way for a bite to rousting neighbors door-to-door for a don ation to their cause. on with the irish mass migration to the United States the turnips then replaced by potato famine. However, describeable to the scarcity of this potato, they changed it into a much accommodating fruit, pumpkins. They used pumpkins because the color of pumpkins is orangish which also the color of Fire. As a Fire color, orange can helps to create change and brings about action. And the candles inside the pumpkins, represent the actor of illumination, pitch light to the darkness which is in our soul and mind. apples also became one of the symbols in Halloween Eve. apples have been long associated with female deities with immortality, resurrection and knowledge. One reason being that if an apple is cut through its equator, it reveales a five- lodgeed star outlined at the core group of each hemisphere, also known as a pentagram. Apples being one of the symbols in Halloween since the Roman invaded Britian, They hold honored Pomona or Pomona Day. Pomona was t he Roman Goddess who presided over fruits and gardens. The Pomona that decribed as a beautiful maiden whose arms were filled with fruit and who wore a crown of apples upon her head. It is generally accepted that its from Pomona that the association of apples became aligned with Halloween. thrash is the one of scary symbol in Halloween Eve, they eat mosquitoes and have subtle incisor teeth to suck blood from its victim. This mammals were thought to indicate the armorial bearing of spirits or ghosts. Halloween has always been a holiday filled with mystery, magic and intolerance . There are some credulity think with a bat, the superstition is if a bat flew around a house lead propagation on Halloween, death would be coming soon, but its just superstition. However in china red chapped are symbols of long manners, and amulets are worn as caboodley charms to bring happiness. And Five red bats can also represent the five good fortunes of health, longevity, love, wealth and virtue. dimmed cats is the others of scary symbol in Halloween. Their so many reason why that animal being the symbols of Halloween. In this symbol the cat is black and black is a common color of mystery and the unknown. Black also considered to be an absorbing element- taking on off- kilter energies and transforming them into purer frequencies. Black cat draw as Mysterious, precocious, sleuthy, and also able to memorise and stalk the darkest nights without aid of light. Because of that the cat has long been considered to be closely linked with otherworldly beliefs.Indeed, many practitioners of alert communication welcomed the company of felines as it was understood these creatures could serve as a facilitator to opening otherworld doors. Black cat have some superstition,and the superstition is if a black cat crosses your path its mean you have bad luck right now. Ironically if black cat walking towards you is considered lucky, while one walking away is said to be stealing your luck.Th e skeleton is a symbolic of Halloween that reminder of the remnants of life. And its also symbols of the death, disease and the shortness of earthly life. The part of skeleton is skull, bones, crossbones. The Skull represent the receptacle used in the process of transformation in alchemy, and it was powerful symbols invoking a heightened awarenees of our psychis potential. Bones considered with death, if we are death we just left the bones of our body. and the crossbones represent poision and danger to pirate.Owls have long been symbols of wisdom of an qabalistic nature. Although the owl is a symbol of wisdom, it is feared by some cultures. Owls are related with night, sorcery, silence,death and the ability to seen the ghosts. Because owl hides in the darkness and fears the light it has often come to the symolize the Prince of Darkness. Usually owl are often associated with witches. At one time it was believed that the owls would swoop down on Halloween night and eat the soul of th e dying.The Christians seen Gravestones are as a memorial to the people who already died, but others see it as the place where the world of the living meets the worlds of departed spirits. A long Times ago Gravestones actually is heavy rocks and boulders that were placed on graves, because they worried if the ghost rised from their grave, they used heavy rocks and boulders to keep the dead people rising from their grave.Blood also related with Halloween, because the Celts Culture as the origin this eve, believed that gods that controlled the forces of nature craved blood sacrifices human or animal.Just like Aztex culture when they priest lifting the heart he just cut from the office of a living sacrifice. It could as tumefy have been a Mayan priest or any other devotee of the cruel forces from the world of the occult.another(prenominal) symbol that related with Halloween is Fire. Why fire become one of the symbol, it because one of the celts culture. During samhain the Druids used it for protection against bad spirits and they also doing ritual sacrifices to their gods. For the sacrifices they used animal or human. Fire also was symbolized warmth and protection as well as death and destruction to cultures around the world.Spider and electronic network has symbolized the weaving of life and the cyclical ways of nature. But in the Halloween, it point to dark, scary places, haunted by ghost and hidden from light and besprinkle mops. Spiders are creatures considered to be endowed with supernatural qualities which make them harbingers of mystic energy. They so mystical because of their ability to weave webs, which has long been symbolic of time, fate draw near and the representation of human journey (on both physical and philosophical levels). They also have eight legs, and the number eight is symbolic of cycles which would make the spiders presence during this time of year (symbolic of the transition between summer to winter) quite fitting.A universal symbol for departed spirits and occult visitations are Ghosts. These cookies, like the ghost-shaped sweets served at Mexicos Day of the Dead celebrations, tend to minimize the reality of sacred warfare in post-Christian America. The decorative ghosts may be cute, but to the innumerable victims of demonic bondage and oppression, the spirit world is no joke.Witches have the power to preform rituals, evoke magic and concoct formulas and spells to connect with the spirit world and manipulate its forces. They called as mistress of the occult. Witches are gifted at sprightly interpretations and in ancient times their talents, perspectives and expertise would be called upon during this time of year for help in understanding messages from the non-physical side of life as well as forecasts for seasons ahead (long before the Farmers Almanac, there were soothsayers -). And so, witches as a Halloween symbol are understandably vital to the occasion.From the Legends told, witches would gather twice a year when the seasons changed, before the end of April on the eve of May Day and on the eve of October 31st on the eve of Halloween. They would gather on that time because when the seasons changed Its a time to the Veil between mundane and magical are be quite thin and energies tend to take on more than revealing forms.They came with their broomsticks, to celebrate with the devil. One of the superstitions told of witches casting spells on unsuspecting people, transforming themselves into different forms and causing other magical mischief. One of the superstitions also said that the only way to meet a witch, you had to put your c plowhes on the vituperate side out and walk backwards at midnight, on Halloween night.Halloween TraditionsWhen Halloween began there are some activities and common traditions that will be done at night. These activities already exists from long time ago, adapted from celts culture, and from other country that influenced with Halloween. Lets see the activi ties and common tradition when Halloween happenv BonfiresOn the night of Halloween, Celts would bring wood and start bonfires or fire festival on the hilltop. They would construct the bones of slaughtered cattle into flames, and young people would go from house to house asking for food offerings and kindling for the Samhain fires. The people would extinguish their heart fires and gather together to create large fires on sacred hilltops to honor and to give offerings to their gods. They used crops and the bones of animal as offerings to the gods which had been culled and then burnt in the fires.But thats not all, they also used individual(prenominal) and symbolic items for rilievo from sickness or bad fortune. They belived that Bonfires and sacrifices guaranteed the sun would shine brightly after a long, dreary winter. On that time it is only called as fire fest, but now in modern world, it become bonfire which comes from lyric bone and fire, meaning fire of bones.Long time ago B onfires have superstition. The superstition of holding bonfires is to encourage dreams of who your in store(predicate) husband or wife going to be. When bonfires happen the person who want to see the future husband or wife, should drop a cutting of his hair into the yearning embers and then, that person will dream about the future of his/her beloved one.v Halloween CostumesOne of many traditions in Halloween is to wear costumes. This tradition is very common especially for children. On the night of Halloween, children would dress up in scary costumes and go to their neighbour, Help the Halloween Party or doing Trick or action. This tradition also related with celts, long time ago when celts held huge bonfires in hilltop, they dressing up in elaborate animal skins and heads to disguise themselves as spirit and devils so that the real ones couldnt distinguish them as being human. By distinguisting themselves, they hoped that they would be able to avoid being carried away at the end of the night. That ceremonies also consisted of dancing, telling stories, and reading fortunes.However popular histories of Halloween tell us the practice goes back to celts ancient, but in fact there is little primary documentation of masking or costuming on halloween before the ordinal century.Halloween costumes became popular for Halloween parties in America in the early 1900s, for both adults and children. Halloween Costumes are often designed to imitate supernatural and scary beings. The costumes are traditionally those of the symbol of Halloween such as ghosts, skeletons, witches, devils, and other. But now there are also customes of pop culture figures like presidents, from movie, televison, and also cartoon characters. Costumes for ChildrenChildren is the stovepipe object to try ware custome in halloween, they will look cute in many custome that related in halloween fest, but nowdays they will be used cartoon characters or movie and the others. Below here you can see the many customes that used by children when halloween Costumes for AdultF womanhood customes.jpgAnother popular trend for Halloween is for women and in some cases also for men, they use halloween costumes as an excuse to wear particularly revealing costumes, showing off more skin that would be socially acceptable otherwise. Below here you can see the many customes that used by women and men when halloweenv slip knave-O-LanternsHalloween Pumpkins on stepsThe traditions of carving jack-o-lanterns originated from the Celts. Jack-O-Lantern operator Jack of the Lantern. This name is establish on the Irish legend that tells a man named Jack who could not enter heaven or hell. Jack could not enter heaven or hell because of his own fault.According to the story, jack invited the devil to have a drink with him. But jack didnt have money to indemnify the drink, so he made the devil to changed himself into a coin so that jack could use the coin to buy drinks. And the devil did it, after the de vil changed into a golden coin, jack paid his drink. Jack then heady to kept the money and put it into his pocket next to a liquid cross, which prevented the devil from changing back to his original form. After that, Jack freed the devil, but in one condition, the devil must promised to him, that he would not reach him for one year and if jack died, the devil would not claim his soul and then he can entered the heaven.After one year, the devil came up and jack tricked the devil again to climbed a tree to clop a fruit. While the devil was climbing the tree, jack carved a sign of cross on the tree so the devil could not came down. Jack promised to the devil, he could erased that sign under one condition, that the devil would not baffle him for ten more years.When Jack died, God would not allow such an unsavory figure like jack into heaven, and when jack tricked the devil he said that if he died, the devil would not claim his soul. And devil did his promise to jack and kept his wo rds, not to claim his soul which means not to allowed Jack went into hell. Because of these situations, Jack could not enter heaven nor hell. So he was sent into the dark night.When he walked, he found a sear and put that coal into a carved-out turnip to lighted his way. The Irish began to refer to this ghostly figure as Jack of the Lantern, and then, to put it more simply, Jack OLantern. To keep him away, local villagers would carve scary faces into turnips and place them in their windows. Thus, the quiver flames from the Jack-O-Lantern eventually became associated with the spirits of the dead.v Trick or TreatThe custom of trick or treating evolved in Ireland, centuries ago. In proviso for All Hollows Eve, the the poor people would go door to door upon the rich sept and receiving money, gifts or food in return for prayers for the dead on all souls day. The food was gathered for a huge feast and celebration. But now Trick-or-treatingis acustom traditionforchildrenonHalloween. Ch ildren will come wear scary costumefromhouseto house, and asking for treats such ascandy, or sometimesmoney, with the question, Trick or treat?. The trick is an idle threat to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property, such as eggs and flour being thrown at householders windows if no treat is given.In the North America, trick or treating is one of the main traditions of Halloween and it has become common socially expected that if somebody lives in a similarity with children, they should gave treats in preparation for trick-or-treaters. Trick-or-Treats already existed in Britian and Ireland, where children and poor people would sing and say prayers for the dead in return for cake. This tradition is done in theUnited States,United Kingdom,Canada,Ireland,Puerto Rico, and centralMexico.In Mexico trick-or-treating called as calaverita, its a spanish language that meaning is little skul. Then the children will ask their neighbor me da mi calaverita?, in english means can you g ive me my little skull?. In the last twenty years, this tradition has spread to other countries, such asItaly,AustraliaandNew Zealand, possibly because of U.S. American TV shows and movies in those countries.v A Party Of Departed SpiritsThe idea is to ask your friends or relatives to come as the ghost of some famous deceased character. Each of them must bring a pumpkin lantern as their shred of admission. When all guests are assembled, announce that the first plucky will be guessing the ghosts. Number each person, then furnish pen and paper for the contest. Award a prize to the one who guesses the most correctly.v piloting Walnut BoatBoats are made from the empty walnut shells. In each is fastened a short piece of brightly-colored candle, along with the name of someone at the party. Light the candle and set it a roll with others in a tub. The boat bearing the candle first extinguished on its own will denote a bachelor or an old maid.v Ghosting, a.k.a. Boo-ingGhosting is fast beco ming a popular Halloween tradition in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and other countries as well. Depending on your location, the new custom may be known as Ghosting, or Boo-ing but the concept is the same.Ghosting is a fun way to spread the Halloween spirit among friends and neighbors. This activity can begin any time in October but the first or second week of the month is the best, allowing sufficient time for the entire neighborhood to be ghosted.v Halloween Games Apple Bobbing, Ducking For Apples or Snap AppleApple bobbing also known as bobbing for apples, and its have different name in some county depend where do you celebrate Halloween. In Scotland Apple bobbing called as Ducking For Apples, and in Ireland, they called Snap Apple. It is a game customarily contend on Hallooween. The game will be play if the tub or a large turning point fill with water and apples. They chose apples as the material because apples are less dense than water, they will float at the surf ace. The players try to catch one apples inside the tub without use of hands to secure an apple in their mouth.Ducking For Apples in scotland, they play the same game with apple bobbing but before they throw the apple onto a basin they place a dime in one apple, a ring in another and a button in the third. These denote fortune, marriage and single blessedness. And Mix these apples in a large tub with as many others as will fit.After that the rule and the next step of the game is the same with the apple bobbing, the difference is that after they catch the apple., the player must then pare their apples, trying not to break the paring strip. The apple paring is thrown over the left shoulder and is then said to form the first initial of the parers life mate.bobbingIn Ireland, Snap Apples usually do not use tub or large basin, they only use apples. The apples will be suspended from a string and the players are blindfolded. The First players to get decent bite of the apple gets to keep th e prize or reward. But sometimes they also played as the same game by placing apples in a basin of water and trying to get an apple with their mouth without using hands.This traditions came from the Roman goddess Pomona who presided over fruits and gardens. The Pomona that decribed as a beautiful maiden whose arms were filled with fruit and who wore a crown of apples upon her head. And this game is an important part of the Gaelic when families would gather for a communal feast at samhain fest. The people belived where whoever bites the apple first in the group will be the first to marry, and girls who place the apple they bobbed under their pillows are said to dream of their future lover. Candle BlowingCandle is related with Blowing. Candle is one of the very famous Halloween fortune game on Halloween. Light of the candle can set the sense modality for a mystical future predicting exercise, which can involve a lot of people, depend on the candles you have. For this game we can use colored candles. To make this game more exiting, you can call a lot of people to participate in this game. And you can get to know predictions on peoples personal life through this candle game.Blindfold the players and then let them swagger out a candle, the number of puffs required to extinguish the flame authorities the number of years before the players marriage. If you want to play this game, just prepare a silk cloth blindfold, a table, a matchbox and three candles. For the candles you can chose different color because every color have different meaning, but you should pick the candle pink, green, and orange colors.After you already prepared it all, light three cand