Wednesday, April 3, 2013

Leadership

1.0         Introduction

        Management is different from leaders, although they are often used interchangeably.

The interpretation of attention is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and businesslike manner through planning, organization, leading, and controlling organizational resources. (Daft, 2003, 5) And the definition of lead is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend authorized changes that reflect their shared purposes.(Smith & Peterson, 1988, 14) The difference between management and leadership are compared in get a line 1.1

Comparing Management and Leadership

Source: qualified from Richard L. Daft (1999), Leadership Theory and Practice, USA: Harcourt, Inc., 39

Management produces a degree of stability, predictability, fiat, and efficiency. [...] Leadership, on the other hand, creates change, often to a spectacular degree. (Daft, 1999, 45) Leadership should be in addition to management, and the schools of management idea have great impact and contribution to the different leadership theories.

2.0         The Evolution of Management thinking and its contribution to leadership theory

        The institutionalize of management can be traced to 3000 B.C. to the first government organizations certain by the Sumerians and Egyptians, but the formal study of management is comparatively recent. (Daniel A. Wren, 1987) The development of management thinking is the result of impact of the social, political, and stinting forces.

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In other words, its the outcome of the changing external and midland environment. The evolution of management thought through the decades is showed in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1 Source: Adapted from Bateman Thomas S. & Scott A. Snell, (1996), Management: structure competitive advantage, 3rd ed., USA: Irwin, 31.

The management perspective is divide into two major parts: classical approaches and contemporary approaches. umteen of these approaches developed simultaneously, and they often had a significant impact on one another. Some approaches were a direct reaction to the sensed deficiencies of previous approaches. Others...

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